Single unified exam for global certification
- Network Components: Routers, Layer 2 & Layer 3 switches, Next-Gen Firewalls (NGFW), Wireless LAN Controllers (WLC), and endpoints.
- Network Topologies: 2-tier, 3-tier hierarchical models, Spine-Leaf architectures, WAN, SOHO, and on-premise vs. cloud designs.
- Physical Layer & Cabling: Single-mode & multi-mode fiber optics, UTP Cat5e/Cat6/Cat6a cabling, auto-MDIX, SFP transceivers, and Power over Ethernet (PoE).
- IPv4 Addressing & Subnetting: Binary arithmetic, Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM), CIDR, public vs. private IP ranges (RFC 1918).
- IPv6 Addressing & Configuration: Global Unicast, Link-Local, Unique Local addresses, EUI-64 format, and Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC).
- Transport Layer Protocols: Deep dive into TCP 3-way handshake, windowing, flow control, and UDP low-latency operation.




